El objetivo manda. Todas las opciones suelen ser ciertas; solo una cumple el objetivo.
Si el objetivo tiene dos partes (“semejanza y diferencia”, “resultado y explicación”), la respuesta necesita las dos.
Estrategia paso a paso
Lee primero la pregunta (el objetivo) y después las opciones. Casi nunca hace falta leer las notas enteras.
Tacha cada opción que no cumpla alguna parte del objetivo.
Trampas habituales
La opción más larga o con más datos no es necesariamente la correcta.
Opciones que hablan de un solo elemento cuando el objetivo pide comparar dos.
Ejemplo resuelto
Objetivo: “presentar el resultado del estudio”. → La opción correcta dice qué se descubrió, no cómo se hizo el estudio ni quién lo hizo.
Preguntas de ejemplo
Intenta responder antes de abrir la solución. Las preguntas están en el idioma del examen.
Pregunta 1
Dificultad fácil≈ 1 min
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957) was a Chilean poet.
For many years, she worked as a teacher in rural schools in Chile.
In 1945, she became the first Latin American writer to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Her portrait appears on Chile’s 5,000-peso banknote.
The student wants to emphasize Mistral’s work as an educator. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
AA. Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral lived from 1889 to 1957.
BB. Gabriela Mistral received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1945.
CC. A portrait of Gabriela Mistral appears on Chile’s 5,000-peso banknote.
DD. For many years, Gabriela Mistral taught in rural schools in Chile.
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta correcta: D. For many years, Gabriela Mistral taught in rural schools in Chile.
Explicación
The goal is to emphasize Mistral’s work as an educator. Only one choice mentions her teaching in rural schools.
The other choices give her life dates, her Nobel Prize, or her image on a banknote.
Pregunta 2
Dificultad media≈ 1 min
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
Camels are large mammals well adapted to life in dry environments.
Dromedary camels have one hump.
Dromedaries live mainly in the hot deserts of North Africa and the Middle East.
Bactrian camels have two humps.
Bactrians live mainly in the cold deserts and steppes of Central Asia.
The student wants to emphasize a similarity between dromedary and Bactrian camels. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
AA. Dromedary camels have one hump, while Bactrian camels have two humps.
BB. Dromedaries live in hot deserts, but Bactrians live in cold deserts and steppes.
CC. Bactrian camels, which have two humps, live mainly in the cold deserts of Central Asia.
DD. Dromedary and Bactrian camels are both well adapted to life in dry environments.
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta correcta: D. Dromedary and Bactrian camels are both well adapted to life in dry environments.
Explicación
The goal is a similarity. According to the notes, camels in general are well adapted to dry environments, and only one choice presents that shared trait for both kinds of camel, using “both.”
Two choices state differences (number of humps and climate), and the remaining choice describes only Bactrian camels.
Pregunta 3
Dificultad difícil≈ 2 min
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
Solar cookers use sunlight instead of fuel to heat food.
Box cookers trap sunlight in an insulated box with a glass lid.
Box cookers typically reach temperatures of 90–150°C.
Parabolic cookers use a curved, reflective dish to focus sunlight onto a single point.
Parabolic cookers can exceed 250°C, which is hot enough to fry food.
The student wants to emphasize a difference in how hot the two types of solar cookers can get. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
AA. Box cookers trap sunlight in an insulated box, while parabolic cookers focus it with a curved dish.
BB. Box cookers usually reach 90–150°C, whereas parabolic cookers can get hotter than 250°C.
CC. Both box cookers and parabolic cookers use sunlight, rather than fuel, to heat food.
DD. Parabolic cookers, which focus sunlight with a dish, can reach over 250°C and fry food.
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta correcta: B. Box cookers usually reach 90–150°C, whereas parabolic cookers can get hotter than 250°C.
Explicación
The goal is a difference in temperature between the two types. Only one choice gives the temperature range of each type and contrasts them with “whereas.”
One choice contrasts how the cookers are built, not how hot they get. Another states a similarity, and the last gives the temperature of parabolic cookers only.